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s sheetssheet 1. C. GAHREN.

LOOM'.

(No Model.)

N. PETERS. Phnta-Liohegnphr Wuhmgwn. nc.

C. GAHREN. 3 Sheets-Sheet '2.

(No Model.)

LOOM.

Patented May 2, 1882.

nl" um N. PETERS. Phnm-ulhagmpher. Washington D. C.

3. N E R H A nu C.

LOOM.

Patented May 2,1882.

N. PEIERS. Phowulhogmpher. wnshmgmn. D. e

' i UNITED ISTATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES GAHREN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

LOOM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 257,10, dated May 2, 1882.

Application led May 20, 1881. (No model.)

lo all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES GAHEEN, of the city and county of New York, in the State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Looms, of which the following is a specilcation.

My invention relates generally to powerlooms which are employed for weaving two or more webs or fabrics side by side at the same time, such looms employing` two or more shuttles and a corresponding number ofshuttle drivers or pickers.

The invention consistsin certain novel features in the construction of the shuttle-drivers, hereinafter particularly described and claimed, and in the means for connecting the several pickers with their drivers and. the several drivers with each other and with the pickersticks, whereby the several parts are connected together, as far as possible, without the use of screws or bolts, which are liable to become loose while the loom is in operation, and in such a manner that they may be readily disconnected from each other when desired.

Theinvention also consistsin thecombinatio, with anumber of connected shuttle-drivers, of a novel arrangement of picker-sticks composed of bell-crank or elbow levers, straps connecting the long arms of the picker-sticks with the two end shuttle-drivers, treadles connected with the short arms of said picker-sticks, and mechanism for operatin g said treadles, all being so organized that the weight of the treadles tends to keep said straps constantly tight.

The invention also consists in the combination, with the lay and its operating mechanism, ot' a springcushion or elastic buffer, apawl connected therewith, and a novel arrangement of mechanism, hereinafter particularly described, for raising said pawl in the way of the lay, so that it will transmit the striking force of the lay to the spring-cushion or buffer.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l represents afront view of a loom embodying my invention, the breast-beam and certain parts which do not pertain to the invention being omitted. Fig. 2 represents a plan of the lay and appurtenances and the front part of the loom. Fig. 3 represents an end view and partial transverse section of the loom. Fig. 4

d represents a transverse section and partial end view of a portion of the loom upon a larger scale. Fig. 5 represents a sectional plan of a portion of thelay, comprising one shuttle-box and appurtenances, upon a larger scale, the front of the shuttle-box being removed. Fig. 6 represents a plan of the detached front of the shuttle-box shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 represents a transverse section upon the dotted line x x, Fig. 5. Fig. S represents a vertical section of one of the shuttle-drivers detached. Fig. 9 represents a plan thereof, and Fig. 10 represents a transverse section of the shuttle-driver and an end view of the picker and a dummy shuttle attached.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.

A designates the frame-work of the loom, and B designates the lay, which is supported in the usual Way upon lay-swords B', hinged or fulcrumed at a, so that they may readily vibrate backward and forward. The lay is operated through connecting-rods b from a crank-shaft, B2; but it might be operated by any other suitable mechanism, so far as my invention is concerned.

The loom here represented is 'adapted for weaving two fabrics or webs simultaneously and side by side, and the lay B therefore has provision for receiving and carrying two sets of reeds at B3.

Upon the lay B is the usual raceway, and

lin the lay are formed three shuttle-boxes, C,

one near each end and the third near the middle of the length of the lay. Each shuttlebox C has a separate removable front, C', which is secured to the lay by bolts c, inserted through bolt-holes c in the said front and inthe lay, and any one of the said fronts may be removed to open the shuttlebox without disturbing the others. The shuttle-box vand its removable front are clearly shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

D designates the shuttles, which may be of any suitable kind, and I will now describe how they are operated.

Beneath the raceway and C there is formed in the lay B a longitudinal slideway, c2, (best shown in Fig. 4,) and E designates shuttle-drivers, here shown as three in number, and connected togetherA so as to oper- 9 the shuttle-boxes IOO ate simultaneously. The shuttle-drivers E are snugly fitted in the slideway c2, and, so far as they themselves are considered, they can be readily removed from the open front of the said slideway. Each-shuttle-driver E carries a shuttle-picker, F, the form of which is best shown in Fig. 4, and which is preferably composed of rawhide, in a manner hereinafter explained. The shuttle-driver E, which is composed of a solid piece of metal, has in it a slot, socket, or opening, d, of a form shown clearly in Figs. 8 and 9, and the picker is made to lit snugly in said slot, socket, or opening, though not so tightly as to prevent its being readily removed or replaced when desired.

In the bottom of the slideway c2 in the la)r is formed a groove, e3, and each of the pickers F has upon its bottom side or under surface a tongue, d', of corresponding size, fitting and adapted to slide freely in said groove, as best `seen in Fig. 4. Each picker F has above the part which iits in the slot or socket d of the driver E a contracted or narrow neck, cl2, which ts a corresponding slot or opening, d3, in the bottom of the corresponding shuttle-box, G, and within said shuttle-box the picker Fis widened out, so as to give it a broad head for striking or picking the shuttle.

It will be observed that when the removable front C of the shuttle-box C is in place the picker is guided and held against lateral movement, both by the neck d2, fitting in the slot d3, and by the tongue d', sliding in the groove c3,- and it will also be readily understood that as the picker is thus guided and held against lateral movement the shuttledriver E, in which it is fitted, is held in the slideway cz and prevented from displacement or removal through the open front thereof.

It will also be observed that the picker F is held against vertical displacement by the wider part below the neck d?, forming a shoulder, d4, which bears upon the under side of the front C' of the shuttleboX C and prevents the picker from rising.

As here represented, the pickers are each composed of two pieces of rawhide, extending from top to bottom thereof, and a single piece upon the front to form the wide part, which fits in the slot or socket d, and single pieces upon each side of the top toV form the wide and solid head. The several pieces of rawhide are all lirmly secured together by riveting, and a very solid and durable picker is thus produced.

When it is desired to remove any one of ythe shuttle-drivers E or pickers F for any purpose the removable front C of the corresponding shuttle-box, C, is removed and the picker F lifted upward out of the socket d in the driver, or at least sufficiently to take the tongue d out of its groove e3, whereupon the shuttle-driver E may be withdrawn from the front of the slideway c2. The solid socket d of the shuttle-driver E, into which the picker F lits, affords a solid and reliable connection between the two, withoutthevnecessity of em- 3 as best seen in Fig. l. 9 7

ploying any bolts or screws, which are so objectionable in the rapidly-moving parts of looms because of their liability to become loose; and I also afford provision for the ready removal of the picker from its driver and the driver from the slideway c2 when necessary 'for any purpose.

I will now describe the mechanism employe for connecting the shuttledrivers and for actuating them.

The center or middle driver, E, has upon each enda hook,e, formed from the same piece with it, as seen in Fig. l, and the two end drivers have similar hooks, e, upon their inner ends, and have upon their outer ends wristpins e', which are also formed from the same piece as the driver, as seen best in Figs. S and 9. rIhe two end drivers are connected with the middle driver by means of rods f, having at each end an eye or spadehandle,f', vwhich is hooked upon the solid hook e ofthe shuttledriver, as shown in Fig. 5, thus forming a strong and invariable connection between the shuttle-drivers E. The construction of the drivers with their hooks e and wrist-'pinse each from a solid piece of metal is of great importance, as it reduces the liability of any accident from the parts becoming loose or detached.

To the wrist-pin c', at the outer end of each of the end shuttle-drivers, E, is connected a strap, G, which passes around a pulley, f2, and. thence the two straps pass inward and are connected to the upper ends of the picker sticks G.

In the head of each pickerstick is formed a slot or eye, f3, having rounded sides, through which is passed the strap G, and the end of the latter is riveted or otherwise fastened se. curely to a bolt, f4, which passes through an eye, f5, on the stick, and by means of a nut or nuts may be drawn down to tighten the straps G and the rodsf connecting the several drivers with each other.

Each picker-stick G consists of au elbow or bell-crank lever pivoted or fulcrumed at'g, and G2 designates the short arms of said levers. 'G3 designates treadles fulcrumed atg at the back of the loom and extending forward over the short arms G2 of the picker-sticks, to which they are connected by short connecting' rods or links g2, having a ball-andsocket connection at each end with the treadles G3 and the short arms G2 of the picker-sticks, so as to prevent any friction or binding of the joints as the treadles are operated.

H designates a shaft arranged parallel with the lay and adapted to be rotated in bearings The said shaft derives rotary motion by means of a wheel,.]:[, and a pinion, H2, from the cranked' lay-operating shaft B2. The shaft H carries tappets, which consist preferably of rollers g4, pivoted on crank-arms g5, projecting in opposite direcrotated the rollers g4 come alternately in contact with and act upon shoes g6 upon the up- IOO IOS

IIO

IZO

' tions from the shaft H, and as said shaft is upon bythe tappetg4 theother picker-stick will be drawn quickly outward into the position of the righthand picker-stick in Fig. 1, and even though itsmomentnm be sufficient to carry it far enough to slacken the strap G its weight will cause itto at once move inward as far as the strap will `permit it, and thus keep the strap taut, so that there will be no lost motion when it in vits turn is actuated byits treadle G3.

It is desirable that the movement of the shuttle` drivers and pickers at the termination of each pick should be cushioned in stopping, `and I will now describe how this is accomplished.

At the inner end of each ofthe outer or end shuttle-boxes, C, is a box, C2, which fits therein and closes the front thereof, as best seen in Figs. 5 and 7. The box G2 is secured to the lay by bolts 07, and one end of the said box is partially closed or has an inwardly-projecting flange, g.

Within the box C2 is a cushion composed of layers or pieces g, of leather or other suitable material, packed tightly together and slotted upon one side, as best seen in Fig. 7, so as to admit of their being inserted laterally overth'e rod finto their places. Upon the two rodsfon the outer sides of the boxes C2 are flanges f6,

which are adapted to tit into the boxes C2, and

as the shuttle-drivers terminate their movement one or the other of the iiangesfG is impelled against the leather cushion g, and the movement of the drivers is thereby checked and cushioned.'

I will now describe the swell levers or binders employed for retaining the sh nttles in their shuttle-boxes and preventing their rebound, and also means which I employ for almost entirely releasing the shuttlejust before the pick from its swell lever or binder, so as to enable it to be thrown with less resistance, which in a loom employing several shuttles is an important advantage.

I do not here make any claim to the construction of or means for operating said swell projection, h2, (shown only in Fig.2,) and in the end of the swell lever or bindet I of each shnt z tlc-box is a set-screw, h3, which may be adjusted so as to permit the wheel or roller h to project sufciently into the shuttleboxto bear upon the plain front ofthe shuttle.

The end of the swell lever or binder I which is opposite the end carrying the set-screw h3 is pressed outward, so as to press the wheel or roller h inward, by means of two springs, one of which, t', is a light spring and acts directly upon the binder, as best seen in Fig. 6, andthe other of which'is a strongspiral spring, t', which acts upon the binder I through a three-armed lever, I', which is pivoted at 2, as best seen in Fig. 4. One arm, i3, of each of the levers I projects downward and has connected to it its strong spiral spring/. Another arnn'ti, of said lever projects upward be.- hind tlie tail of the corresponding binder, I, and the third arm, 115, projects outward, like a pawl, as seen in Fig. 4, for a purpose hereinafter explained.

I2 designa-tes a rock-shaft extending longitudinally the full length of theloom,and mounted in bearings t6 on the lay B, so that it is carried backward and forward'therewitlli. Upon said shaft l2 are a number of levers or arms, j, which project upward, one adjacent t-o each three-armed lever l', and each lever or armj carries at its upper end a pin or stud, j', which bears upon the front edge of the upwardlyprojecting arm t4 of the adjacent lever I. Upon the shaft I2 is a downwardly-projecting arm, I3, to which is connected a connecting-rod, 14, which receives motion from the crank-shaft 132, which operates the lay B, as best seen in Fig. 3. f

The connecting-rod I4 is bifurcated or forked atits rear end, so as to embrace the shaft B2, and upon said shaft is an eccentric, 16upon which is a cam-projection, l5. The eccentric I6 acts upon a roller, il, upon the rod I4 to'hold the rock-shaft I2 stationary while the lay is moving, and at-the proper time the cam-projection I5 acts upon the roller t7, and thereby rocks or turns the shaft l2 sufficiently to canse the studs or pinsjl of all the armsj to act upon the upwardly-projectingarmsi4 of the threearmed levers l', and thereby take the pressure of the strong springs t" off the binders I. The rear end of the rod I4 being forked or bifurcated, it is permitted to move freely transversely to the shaft B2, following the movements of the lay, and receiving no independent motion until just before the shuttles are to be picked or struck, when the rod is actuated bythe cam I5 and the shaft I? rocked, taking the pressure of the strong springs i off the binders I, and leaving the binders only acted upon bythe weaker springs t to hold the shuttles in proper position to be struck-that is, against the back of the shuttle-boxes O.

The connecting-rod I4 is only moved in one direction by the cam I'J; but it is returned to rock the shaft 12in the opposite direction and apply the power of the strong springs t to the binders I by means of a springgjg. (Shown in Fig. 3.) Y

I will now describe the devices which I may employ for stopping the loom automatically when any one of the shuttles is not properly boxed; 4but I do not make any claim to such IIO .end of the said rock-shaft is fixed a belt-shipper, K', while upon the front end thereof is iixed a shipping or start-ing lever or handle,

K2, common in looms, and workiugin a slot, 7a,

in the breast-beam L in the usual way.

Upon the same shaft as the driving-pulleys J J is a brake lwheel or pulley, M, and N deslgnates a brake-strap surrounding said wheel orpulley, as best seen in Fig. 3, and connected at its two ends to arms l, projecting from a rock-shaft, N', which, by means of a lever or arm, N2, may be rocked to tighten the brakestrap N upon the brake wheel or pulley M.

To the free end of the lever or arm N2 is connected a spring, l', which, when allowed to act, draws up said lever or arm and applies the brake-strap Nupon the wheel or pulley M,

arm with the lever or arm N2.

and the lever or arm N2 is connected 'with the rock-shaftK by means of an arm, l2, upon said rock-shaft and a rod or link, Z3, connecting said When the shipping-lever K2 is shifted intothe position shown inFigs. 1 and 2 it is held in position by engaging with a shoulder, 7c', in the end of the slot 7c in the usual way, and when held in such position the driving-belt is upon the fast pulley J and the lever or arm N2 is drawn down against the force of the spring l sufficiently to remove the brake-strap N from the wheel M.

In order to stop the loom it is only necessary to push the shippin g-lever K2 forward out of en gagement with the shoulder k', whereupon the spring Z will draw up the lever or arm N2 snfiiciently to lapply the brake-strap N to the wheel or pulley M, and the rock-shaft K will be rocked sufficiently to shift the belt-shipper K to carry the driving-belt from the fast pulley J onto the loose pulley J In front of the lay B, and mounted in stationary bearings ony in the frame of the loom or the breast-beam, is a second rock-shaft, O,

parallel with the shaft I2, and fixed to the shaft 0 are three upwardly-projecting arms, m', on the upper ends ofwhich are projections or studs, in which are notches m2, in front of the forwardly-projecting arms 'i5 of the three-armed levers l', as best seen in Fig. 4.

Upon the end of the rock-shaft O directly opposite the position occupied by the shippinglever K2 when the loom is in operation is an armm, whichis adapted to bear upon the lever K2 when the latter is moved to set the loom in operation, as best seen in Figs. 2 and 4.

I have before described how, when the shuttles D are properly boxed, thebinders I would be deflected or vibrated outward against the force of the strong springs i', acting through the three-armed levers I. By such vibration or deflection of the binders by the shuttles the three-armed levers I will be moved' inward suciently to raise their outwardly-projecting arms i5 above the notches m2 in 'the arms m', so that when the lay beats forward said arms i5 will pass directly over the arms m without affecting them. If, however, any one'shuttle has not been properly boxed, the binder I of the corresponding shuttle-box, C, is not deflected, and the corresponding three-armed lever, I', not having been moved inward, it is obvious that when the lay beats up the forwardly-projecting arm 'i5 of said lever will be inthe position shown in Fig. 4, and will engage with the notch m2 in the adjacent arm m', and thereby rock `or turn the rock-shaft O sufficiently to cause the arm a to exert a pressure upon the shipping-lever K2 sucientto throw itforward out of its notch, thus releasing the Arock-shaft K and leaving it free to be operated by the spring l to shift the belt, apply the brake-strap N, and stop the loom.

Upon the rock-shaft O is a cam, o, having an abrupt shoulder, and above the said cam is a pawl, o', which has a shoulder, o2, with which the shoulder on the cam o engages to raise the pawl o. The pawl o is pivoted ato3 to a very strong spring-cushion or buifer, P, as seen in Fig. 4, and when the rock-shaft O is rocked by the operation of the stop-motion the cani o acts upon the shoulder o2 of the pawl o and raises the latter sufficiently to cause its point to engage with a notch, o4, in the lay, all of which mechanism is best shown in Figs. 2 and 4. By this means the lay is stopped' at once and its momentum is checked gradually and its striking force on the pawl o deadened by the springcushion or buffer I).

One or the other of the end shuttleboxes is left empty at each pick of the loom, and it will be readily seen that if the binder I of the empty shuttle-box were not deflected or vibratedin the same manner as when ashuttle is boxed the s-top-motion would be operated at cach pick of the loom. To prevent this I employ two dummy or false shuttles, Q, composed simply of skeleton frames of about the width of the regular shuttles, and I attach a dummy shuttle to each. of the pickers F at the end ofthe loom, in which case a dummy shuttle is carried into the end shuttle-boxes alternately at the same time the regular shuttle is ejected therefrom, thus keeping the binder I of that shuttie-box deiected or pushed outward, as it would be if a shuttle were in the box.

By my invention I provide a loom of very simple construction,in which the-several parts are connected so as to lessen the liability of derangement while in operation, and which is therefore capable of being run at a quick speed.

I do not claim broadly shuttle-drivers pro- IOO 'IIO

vided with removable shuttle-pickers which are guided independently ot' the shuttle-drivers, nor a shuttle-boxhavin g aremovable front, asIam awarethatsuch devices are old. Neither do I claim, broadly, the combination, with a lay, of a stop-pawl and mechanism for raising the said pawl into the path ot' the lay for arresting it when the shuttle is not properly boxed.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The shuttle-driver constructed with an eye or socket, d, a hook, e, at one end, and a wrist-pin, e', at the other end, substantially as specified.

2. The shuttle-driver constructed with an eye or socket, d, and a hook, e, at each end, substantially as specitied.

3. The combination, with a number of shuttle-drivers, E, each having a socket or eye, d, of rods having eyes or spade-handles connecting said drivers, the latter having hooks itting said eyes 0r spade-handles, and the two end drivers having wrist-pins at their outer ends, straps attached to the end shuttle-drivers, and mechanism connected with said straps for operating them, substantially as specified.

4. The combination of the lay B, having the raceway, and the slideway c2 below the raceway, withshuttle-drivers E, externally fitting said slideway, and having sockets d, removable pickers F, inserted downward into said sockets, rods f, arranged between and in line with said shuttle-drivers and detachably connected www with the ends thereof, and mechanism for op- 3 5 erating said shuttle-drivers, all substantially as specified.

5. The combination of the lay B, constructed with shuttle-boxes O, having removable fronts C', and containing the slideway o2 below said 4o shuttle-boxes, and grooves c3,with the shuttledrivers E, externally fitting said slideway,land having sockets d, mechanism for actuating said shuttle-drivers, and the pickers F, fitting said sockets and adapted to beinserted downward 45 into them, and having tongues d' engaging with the grooves c3, substantially as specified.v

6. The combination, with a number of connected shuttle-drivers, of the straps G, the

bell-crank picker-sticks G G2, the treadles G3, 5o the links g2, having ball-and-socket joints and connecting the treadles with the pickersticks, whereby the weight of the treadles serves to keep the said straps tight, and mechanism for operatin g said treadles, substantially as speci- 5 5 fied.

7. The combination ot' the lay and mechanism for operating it with the spring-cushion or elastic buffer l, the rock-shatt- O and mechanism for turning it, the cam o, and the piv- 6ov 

